Biography
Johann Heinrich Lambert's family were originally from Lorraine which was a French territory up to the Thirty Years' War. Three Christian denominations, Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism, each tried to impose themselves and various countries joined in the conflicts which raged across Europe for many years. In the Lambert family, who were Calvinists, fled from Lorraine as religious refugees and settled in Mulhouse. At that time Mulhouse was a free imperial city which had formed defensive alliances with the Swiss.Lambert's father, Lukas Lambert, was a tailor as his own father had been. Lukas married Elizabeth Schmerber in and Johann Heinrich Lambert was one of their five sons. It was a large family, with two girls in addition to the five boys, and Lukas Lambert did not have sufficient income to enable him to support and educate the family in comfort. Heinrich attended school in Mulhouse, receiving a reasonably good education up to the age of twelve, studying French and Latin in addition to elementary subjects. However, when he was twelve years old he had to leave school to help his father with tailoring. Most young boys would have ended their education
Lambert, Johann Heinrich
(b. Mulhouse, Alsace, 26 [?] August ; d. Berlin, Germany, 25 September )
mathematics, physics, astronomy, philosophy.
The Lambert family had come to Mulhouse from Lorraine as Calvinist refugees in Lambert's father and grandfather were tailors. His father, Lukas Lambert, married Elisabeth Schmerber in At his death in , he left his widow with five boys and two girls.
Growing up in impoverished circumstances, Johann Heinrich had to leave school at the age of twelve in order to assist his father. But the elementary instruction he had received together with some training in French and Latin were sufficient to enable him to continue his studies without a teacher. He acquired all his scientific training and substantial scholarship by self—instruction—at night, where the tailoring in his father's shops was finished, or during any spare time left after his work as a clerk or private teacher.
Because of his excellent handwriting, Lambert was appointed clerk at the ironworks at Seppois at the age of fifteen. Two years later he became secretary to Johann Rudolf Iselin, editor of the Basler Zeitung and later professor of law at Basel Uni9versity. There
Johann Heinrich Lambert
Swiss-German Mathematician
Overcoming enormous social barriers, Johann Heinrich Lambert entered the ranks of Europe's foremost mathematicians. He did so without becoming part of the Continental academic establishment and, partly for that reason, much of his most advanced work was lost for many years, including his studies of what came to be known as non-Euclidean geometry. Nonetheless, he contributed to the knowledge of pi and the theory of errors.
Born on August 25, , in Mulhouse, an independent town allied with Switzerland, Lambert was the son of Lukas (a tailor) and Elisabeth Lambert. Because of the family's poverty, he had to leave school at age 12 to help his father, but, during the years that followed, he progressed to more professional positions. Thus, by , when he was 17, Lambert was working as secretary to the editor of a newspaper in Basel, Switzerland. Two years later, when his father died, he obtained employment with a wealthy family as tutor to their children.
During the period from to , Lambert and his young charges traveled around the continent, giving him an opportunity to advance his knowledge of mathematics. He was elected a
Johann Heinrich Lambert
| German physicist, philosopher, mathematician and astronomer Date of Birth: Country: Germany |
Content:
- Biography of Johann Heinrich Lambert
- Contributions to Astronomy
- Contributions to Mathematics
- Philosophical Endeavors
- Legacy and Death
Biography of Johann Heinrich Lambert
Johann Heinrich Lambert, a German physicist, philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer, was born on August 26, , in Mülhausen. He is best known for his contributions to the fields of physics and astronomy. Lambert authored two fundamental and closely related works that have left a lasting impact on the history of science.
Contributions to Astronomy
In his first major work, "Photometria," Lambert developed the theoretical foundations of photometry, which is one of the key methods in observational astronomy. This work revolutionized the way astronomers measure the brightness of celestial objects.
Lambert's second significant contribution to astronomy was his work titled "Cosmological Letters on the Arrangement of the Universe." This masterpiece represents the pinnacle of Lambert's achievements as a natural philosopher. In this work, he delved into the str
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